Little Known Questions About Serum Tumor Markers - American Family Physician.

Antigenic substance produced in tumor cells The spectrum of target antigens associated with growth resistance and allo-immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Host-derived T and B cells can be caused to acknowledge tumor-associated antigens, whereas donor-derived B and T cells can acknowledge both tumor-associated antigens and alloantigens. Tumor antigen is an antigenic compound produced in tumor cells, i.

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Tumor antigens are beneficial growth markers in determining tumor cells with diagnostic tests and are prospective candidates for usage in cancer therapy. The field of cancer immunology research studies such subjects. Mechanism of growth antigenesis [edit] Processing of growth antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells Regular proteins in the body are not antigenic because of self-tolerance, a process in which self-reacting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and autoantibody- producing B lymphocytes are chosen "centrally" in primary lymphatic tissue (BM) and "peripherally" in secondary lymphatic tissue (mainly thymus for T-cells and spleen/ lymph nodes for B cells).

This may include typical proteins that are well sequestered from the body immune system, proteins that are normally produced in exceptionally small quantities, proteins that are normally produced just in particular phases of advancement, or proteins whose structure is customized due to anomaly. Classification of growth antigens [modify] Classes of human tumor antigens acknowledged by T lymphocytes, with their genetic process At first tumor antigens were broadly categorized into two categories based on their pattern of expression: Tumor-Specific Antigens (TSA), which are present only on tumor cells and not on any other cell and Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA), which are present on some growth cells and likewise some typical cells.

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Tumor antigen targeting

The modern classification of  tumor antigen s is based upon their molecular structure and source. Accordingly, they can be classified as; [] Products of Mutated Oncogenes and Growth Suppressor Genes Products of Other Mutated Genes Overexpressed or Aberrantly Revealed Cellular Proteins Tumor Antigens Produced by Oncogenic Viruses Oncofetal Antigens Altered Cell Surface Area Glycolipids and Glycoproteins Cell Type-Specific Differentiation Antigens Any protein produced in a growth cell that has an unusual structure due to mutation can function as a tumor antigen.